Monday, April 22, 2013

Hierarchy of brothers question in marathon bombing

BOSTON (AP) ? Tamerlan Tsarnaev ranted at a neighbor about Islam and the United States. His younger brother, Dzhokhar, relished debating people on religion, "then crushing their beliefs with facts."

The older brother sought individual glory in the boxing ring, while the younger excelled as part of a team. Tamerlan "swaggered" through the family home like a "man of the house type," one visitor recalls, while Dzhokhar seemed "very respectful and very obedient" to his mother.

The brothers, now forever linked in the Boston Marathon bombing tragedy, in some ways seemed as different as siblings could be. But whatever drove them to allegedly set off two pressure-cooker bombs, their uncle is certain Dzhokhar was not the one pulling the strings.

"He's not been understanding anything. He's a 19-year-old boy," Ruslan Tsarni said of his brother's youngest child, who is clinging to life in a Boston hospital after a gun battle with police. "He's been absolutely wasted by his older brother. I mean, he used him. He used him for whatever he's done. For what we see they've done, OK?"

Criminologist James Alan Fox says the uncle's intuition is justified. In cases like this, he says, it is highly unusual for the younger participant ? in this case, a sibling ? to be the leader.

"I would be surprised," says Fox, the Lipman Professor of Criminology, Law and Public Policy at Boston's Northeastern University. "Very surprised."

Whatever their fraternal pecking order, when the bullets began flying in Watertown on Thursday night and 26-year-old Tamerlan went down, his younger brother ran him over ? dragging him for about 30 feet ? before ditching the car and fleeing on foot. After a 24-hour manhunt that shut down most of the Boston metropolitan area, police cornered the gravely wounded Dzhokhar hiding in a boat in a backyard only blocks from where his brother bled out.

Officials said Dzhokhar was in serious condition Saturday, unable to communicate. So, at least for now, investigators and the public are left with only enigma.

The ethnic Chechen family came to this country in 2002, after fleeing troubles in Kyrgyzstan and then Dagestan, a predominantly Muslim republic in Russia's North Caucasus. They settled in a working-class part of Cambridge, where father Anzor Tsarnaev opened an auto shop.

He returned to Dagestan about a year ago.

Luis Vasquez, a youth activist and candidate for the Cambridge City Council, went to high school with Tamerlan and later helped coach Dzhokhar's soccer team at Cambridge Rindge and Latin. With the father gone, Vasquez said the older brother assumed a kind of paternal role, at least where the girls in the family were concerned.

"He was very protective of his (younger) sister, Bella," Vasquez said. "He would keep an eye out, making sure she's good, making sure she's not having a hard time."

Vasquez chalked it up to "his culture" and "what his family expected out of him."

David Mijares, who trained in boxing with Tamerlan in high school and later coached the younger brother in soccer, says his friend opened up about his hardships in Russia. He agreed that Tamerlan felt pressure to be the man of the house.

"He had to be a man at a very early age," says Mijares, who himself considered Tamerlan a mentor. "That would be, in my opinion, a huge reason for who he was, all serious and no nonsense."

That said, Dzhokhar was very much his own man. While he would tag along to Tamerlan's boxing practices, the younger brother was into wrestling.

In one of his tweets, he complained that his mother was trying to arrange a marriage for him, as she'd done for his sisters.

"she needs to (hash)chillout," he tweeted on July 12. "i'll find my own honey."

Tamerlan preceded his brother at the prestigious Cambridge Rindge and Latin High School, which counts celebrities Matt Damon and Ben Affleck among its alumni. But he does not appear to have been a standout student and athlete whose reputation Dzhokhar would have felt pressure to live up to.

"To be perfectly honest, I did not know he HAD an older brother from the start," said classmate Alexandros Stefanakis, who played pickup basketball games and hung out with Dzhokar outside school.

Anne Kilzer of Belmont would go to the Tsarnaev home for regular facials from the boys' mother, Zubeidat. She said the older brother was a "macho guy," whereas Dzhokhar seemed more cerebral.

The few times that Tamerlan was there, he would wave his mother off when she tried to introduce him. "He sort of swaggered through," she said. "Sort of a man-of-the-house type."

In a blog entry, Kilzer's daughter, Alyssa, suggested that the mother became increasingly religious as their acquaintance progressed. For instance, she began wearing a hijab, the traditional Muslim headscarf.

"She started to refuse to see boys that had gone through puberty, as she had consulted a religious figure and he had told her it was sacrilegious," Alyssa Kilzer wrote. "She was often fasting. She told me that she had cried for days when her oldest son, Tamerlan, told her that he wanted to move out, going against her culture's tradition of the son staying in the house with the mother until marriage."

She said the mother also expressed some rather strident views about the U.S. government. But it was difficult to know who was influencing whom in the household.

"During this facial session she started quoting a conspiracy theory, telling me that she thought 9-11 was purposefully created by the American government to make America hate Muslims," Kilzer wrote. "'It's real,' she said. 'My son knows all about it. You can read on the internet.'"

Kilzer didn't say to which son the mother was referring. Kilzer was studying in Scotland and could not immediately be reached.

Tsarni told The Associated Press from his home in Maryland that a deep rift opened between him and his sister-in-law, but that he tried to maintain a relationship with the boys. However, that effort began to fall apart several years ago, he said, when Tamerlan "started carrying all this nonsense associated with religion, with Islamic religion."

When he asked his older nephew why he wasn't in school, he said Tamerlan gave an enigmatic answer. "Oh, I'm in God's business," the young man replied.

Tamerlan would throw out foreign words like "jihad" and "Inshallah" ? Arabic for "God willing" ? without really understanding their meaning, he said. Though Tsarni is himself Muslim, he said he does not worship at a mosque.

The uncle was surprised when he learned that Tamerlan had gotten married to an American woman ? a "good Christian family girl," who his nephew said was about to convert to Islam.

In February, Alexander Podobryaev, who lives a couple of houses from the Tsarnaevs, exchanged pleasantries with Tamerlan as they shoveled snow. He says the man pointed to a woman in a black Muslim headscarf and identified her as his wife.

Others began noticing signs of Tamerlan's increasing agitation.

One of the brothers' neighbors, Albrecht Ammon, said he had a bizarre encounter with Tamerlan in a pizza shop about three months ago. The older brother argued with him about U.S. foreign policy, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and religion.

He said Tamerlan referred to the Bible as a "cheap copy" of the Quran, and that many of this country's wars "are based upon the Bible ? how it's an excuse to invade other countries."

"He had nothing against the American people," Ammon said. "He had something against the American government."

Dzhokhar, on the other hand, was "real cool," Ammon said. "A chill guy."

While his older brother was railing about religion and world politics, Dzhokhar seemed more interested in the HBO series "Game of Thrones" and other television shows.

"Breaking Bad taught me how to dispose of a corpse," he tweeted on Jan. 16, referring to the popular AMC series about a dying chemistry teacher who turns to cooking methamphetamine to leave a nest egg for his family.

He did tweet about religion, but they were hardly the words of a hard-core zealot.

"This night deserves Hennessy a bad b---- and an o of weed," he wrote on Nov. 17. "the holy trinity"

On Nov. 29, he wrote: "I kind of like religious debates, just hearing what other people believe is interesting and then crushing their beliefs with facts is fun." And on Jan. 15: "I don't argue with fools who say Islam is terrorism it's not worth a thing, let an idiot remain an idiot."

However, he acknowledged in another message around Christmas that the "Brothers at the mosque either think I'm a convert or that I'm from Algeria or Syria."

Fox said it's not unheard of for the younger person in a crime team to be the dominant personality. But he said it's rare.

"In this case, the older brother is the one that seems to have become religious and drawn to Islam," Fox said. "The older brother dropped out of school ... whereas the younger brother, it was all positives."

But, he said, "the age factor is critical here."

Tamerlan was a fairly gifted boxer, but preened about fighting prowess that often fell far short. His younger brother seemed content to be part of a team.

Marvin Salazar was two years older than Dzhokhar when they attended Community Charter Schools of Cambridge, where they played intramural soccer together. He was impressed by the younger boy's smarts and drive, but noted that while Dzhokhar was very fast, he wasn't the kind of kid who needed to showboat and score goals.

"I remember he told me he liked to play midfield," the 21-year-old said. "He's the guy who sets everybody up for the plays. He's one of the most important people."

He was also on his high school wrestling team.

Tamerlan once said he had no American friends. His brother had lots of them, but fellow students at UMass-Dartmouth say he had increasingly taken to hanging out with other Russians.

On March 14, 2012, Dzhokhar tweeted: "a decade in america already, i want out" That same day, he added, "im trying to grow a beard"

Dzhokhar became naturalized last September, federal officials told the AP. His older brother had a green card but may have been thwarted in his quest for U.S. citizenship by an assault charge, his father told The New York Times.

If Tamerlan recorded his thoughts, they have not yet surfaced ? at least publicly. His bother left a trail on the Internet, although in an Aug. 7, 2012 tweet, he called himself a "heavy sleeper and a great liar"

In March, Dzhokhar tweeted: "Evil triumphs when good men do nothing." A week and a half earlier, he reminded his followers, "Never underestimate the rebel with a cause."

The day of the bombing, he wrote: "There are people that know the truth but stay silent & there are people that speak the truth but we don't hear them cuz they're the minority"

Tsarni is confident authorities will find that Tamerlan was his younger brother's "mentor."

"Dzhokhar, of course, was looking up at him," he said.

But their body language the day of the bombings seems to suggest at least a partnership of equals.

In one of the now infamous photos the FBI released to the public in hopes of tips, the older brother has his head down, the visor pulled low over his face as if he's trying to hide. Dzhokhar, by contrast, has his white baseball cap turned backwards, revealing his entire face, his chin is thrust confidently into the air.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/hierarchy-brothers-marathon-bombing-234026329--spt.html

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Wednesday, April 10, 2013

HTC First (AT&T)


The HTC First for AT&T ($99.99 with contract) is not a "Facebook phone," but it's the closest the social juggernaut has come to creating one so far. Will you like it? A lot of that depends on you.

Do you like Facebook? Of course you do. What I mean is: Do you like like it? Do you scroll through status updates before you get out of bed in the morning to find out what everyone did the night before? Do you use it to publicly keep track of your 3.19 mile morning run before posting a photo of the latte art on your first coffee of the day? Do you spend most of your day chatting on Facebook Messenger, because who needs text messages or emails anyway? And did you see that photo you just got tagged in? The one where you had a piece of kale salad stuck between your two front teeth? What was your friend thinking?

If you spend that much time on Facebook, then yes, you'll probably like the HTC First. It puts Facebook front and center, in a way that makes it easier to stay connected than ever before. But Facebook Home isn't perfect, and the HTC First is only an average phone otherwise. It doesn't have a state-of-the-art processor to compete with the current crop of next-generation smartphones, and it lacks simpler details, too, like a microSD card slot. And the underlying version of Android is stock without modifications, which means you miss out many of the helpful customizations you'll get on other Android phones from HTC or Samsung.

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Design and Battery Life
HTC makes beautiful phones, and the First is a lovely new addition to its portfolio. It has a unibody design that's made of soft-touch plastic that gives the phone a real premium, grippy feel. The phone comes in some fun colors, too. You can get it in pale blue, red, or white. I reviewed the black model, which looks a lot more generic than the other options, but no less sleek. What I'd really like to know, though, is where is the Facebook-blue model? I'm guessing Facebook didn't want to lend its recognizable hue to the phone, lest it be considered an official piece of Facebook hardware. But there is a faint Facebook logo on the back of the phone, sandwiched between HTC and AT&T logos, which lends it an air of officialism. This may not be a Facebook phone, but it's Facebook-approved.

Color aside, the rest of the phone is attractive too. The corners are rounded, which makes for a very comfortable fit in your palm. The 4.3-inch display has curved edges that blend seamlessly into the design. It's a lot smaller than most of the 5 inchers we're seeing lately, and the 720p screen resolution is a step down from the 1080p trend. That said, it still looks great. The display offers an ultra-sharp 341 pixels per inch, and text, videos, and images all look very crisp. It's actually quite comparable to the iPhone 5, which still has one of the best displays in the business. And at 4.96 by 2.56 by 0.35 inches (HWD) and 4.37 ounces, the First feels much more natural to hold than the huge HTC One?or the upcoming Samsung Galaxy S4.

The phone's only physical controls are a Power button on top and two Volume buttons on the left. There's a hidden SIM card slot on the right, but other than that, the body is fully sealed. Unfortunately, that means you don't get a microSD card slot, and the 2,000mAh battery isn't removable. It was good for a solid 12 hours and 30 minutes of talk time, but it won't last as long as that if you spend all day on Facebook. With the screen brightness set to maximum, I was able to stream a video over LTE for 6 hours and 53 minutes before the battery called it quits, which is also quite good.

Network and Call Quality
The First is a quad-band EDGE (850/900/1800/1900 MHz), tri-band HSPA+ (850/1900/2100 MHz) device with 4G LTE. You can also use the handset as a mobile hotspot to share that data with up to 8 connected devices with the appropriate plan. The phone supports 802.11 a/b/g/n Wi-Fi over 2.4GHz, but not the faster 5GHz band.

Reception is strong, and voice performance is solid. You can turn up the volume quite loud in the phone's earpiece. Voices sound clear, rich, and full, but at the highest volume calls you can hear a bit of fuzz in the background. Calls made with the phone sound clear and natural, but mediocre noise cancellation means your voice can get swallowed up if you're calling from a particularly noisy place. The speakerphone sounds a little fuzzy, but is definitely loud enough to hear in your car, if not outside. And the First had no trouble connecting to my Jawbone Era Bluetooth headset and making calls with the Standard Android voice dialer.

(Next page: Facebook Home)

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/ziffdavis/pcmag/~3/X1FnsNQh9_c/0,2817,2417559,00.asp

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Stocks trading flat as investors eye Europe?

Stocks struggled to hold their gains in narrow range trading Tuesday, as investors digested encouraging economic data from China and Europe against expectations for modest earnings growth.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average toggled in and out of negative territory. Intel led the blue-chip gainers, while Procter & Gamble lagged.

The S&P 500 and the Nasdaq held small gains. The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), widely considered the best gauge of fear in the market, traded near 13.

Among key S&P sectors, materials gained, while consumer discretionary traded in the red.

Alcoa edged higher after the aluminum producer reported an increase in quarterly profit as performance in its alumina and primary metals segments improved despite a tough market. Revenue, however, fell slightly short of estimates. Still Alcoa CEO Klaus Kleinfeld told CNBC that he remains "relatively optimistic" that 2013 will be better than 2012 and continues to project 7 percent global demand growth in aluminum.

Alcoa unofficially kicks off this quarter's earnings season, which is expected to be fairly weak.

(Read More: Earnings Season Could Bring 'April Anxiety')

For the first quarter, earnings growth is expected to gain by just 1.6 percent, compared to 6.2 percent last quarter, according to Thomson Reuters. The negative warnings are higher than usual?with 108 negative revisions for S&P 500 companies. Compared to the 23 positive revisions, it is the worst pace in 12 years, according to Thomson Reuters data.

Banking giants JPMorgan and Wells Fargo are slated to post earnings on Friday.

(Read More: Earnings Season Arrives as Data Flash Warning Signs)

Herbalife shares were temporarily halted amid news that KPMG resigned as auditor for the nutrition, weight management and skin-care products company, according to the New York Times.

Meanwhile, Skechers shares were also halted. KPMG also has been the auditor for the footwear retailer.

(Read More: Once Shunned, Funds Now Ally With Activist Investors)

JCPenney slumped to lead the S&P 500 laggards after the company said former CEO Myron Ullman will return as the retailer's chief after Ron Johnson was ousted by the board. Ullman will an annual base salary of $1 million.

Disney slipped slightly as the conglomerate readies to lay off 150 people this week, according to sources close to the situation. The job cuts will be predominately in home entertainment, as the company adjusts to industry-wide declines in DVD sales.

On the economic front, wholesale inventories slipped by 0.3 percent to a seasonally adjusted $501.36 billion in February, according to the Commerce Department. Economists polled by Reuters expected a gain of 0.5 percent, versus January's 1.2 percent increase. The change in February inventories is the biggest decline since September 2011.

In Europe, industrial production in the U.K. rose by more than expected in February, diminishing the risk the economy slipped back into recession in the first quarter of 2013.

(Read More: In Effort to 'Rebalance,' Europe Sticks to Austerity)

Meanwhile, U.S. Treasury Secretary Jack Lew pushed for a growth rather than an austerity agenda during the first day of his two-day visit to Europe. Speaking in Brussels, Lew said that the U.S. had an "immense stake in Europe's health and stability" and called on Europe to boost demand.

China's annual consumer inflation eased to 2.1 percent in March from February's 3.2 percent while producer price deflation deepened, data showed on Tuesday, leaving policymakers room to keep monetary conditions easy and nurture a nascent recovery.

Traders will be looking out for clues about the future of quantitative easingthis week, with the Federal Reserve set to release minutes from its last meeting on Wednesday.There are also several appearances by Fed officials this week, including anti-inflation hawk Jeffrey Lacker and Atlanta Federal Reserve President Dennis Lockhart on Tuesday.

(Read More: Pimco's Bill Gross: Beware of 'Monetary Red Bull')

U.S. Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke spoke overnight on Monday at an Atlanta Fed conference. In a speech that did not directly touch on monetary policy, Bernanke hinted at why the central bank continues to pursue ultra-easy monetary policy.

"The economy is significantly stronger than it was four years ago, although conditions are clearly still far from where we would all like them to be," he said.

Meanwhile, St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank President James Bullard told CNBC that he'd be willing to reduce the central bank's massive bond-buying program in "small increments."

In the bond markets, the Treasury will sell $32 billion in three-year notes with the results available shortly after 1pm ET.

The National Federation of Independent Business reported that business confidence fell again in March, with its index dropping 1.3 points to 89.5 despite anticipation that the measure would rise.

?By CNBC's JeeYeon Park (Follow JeeYeon on Twitter: @JeeYeonParkCNBC)

? 2013 CNBC LLC. All Rights Reserved

Source: http://feeds.nbcnews.com/c/35002/f/653351/s/2a84243c/l/0L0Snbcnews0N0Cbusiness0Cstocks0Etrading0Eflat0Einvestors0Eeye0Eeurope0E1C9279170A/story01.htm

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Starving Baby Sea Lions Flood Southern California Shores

More and more starving sea lions are being found stranded on California shores, and animal rehabilitation centers are at their maximum capacity. Experts say there are fewer fish for these mammals to feed on, but they don't know why.

Gloria Hillard/NPR

More and more starving sea lions are being found stranded on California shores, and animal rehabilitation centers are at their maximum capacity. Experts say there are fewer fish for these mammals to feed on, but they don't know why.

Gloria Hillard/NPR

In recent months, more than 1,000 starving baby sea lions have been found on Southern California beaches, from Santa Barbara to San Diego. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has just declared the crisis an "unusual mortality event."

On a recent early morning, Peter Wallerstein is on the job on a beach near Marina del Rey, Calif. His white truck is a familiar sight along this coastline. Next to him, a small blond dog named Pumpkin rides shotgun.

Wallerstein, the Marine Animal Rescue director for Friends of Animals, gets a call. A woman tells him she spotted a sea lion at the Fisherman's Wharf at Cabrillo. "He's just laying there; he doesn't look good," she says.

Peter Wallerstein uses a large fishing net to grab a sea lion pup that was stranded on a nearby dock.

Gloria Hillard/NPR

Peter Wallerstein uses a large fishing net to grab a sea lion pup that was stranded on a nearby dock.

Gloria Hillard/NPR

The phone rings every five minutes, and it's always about the same thing.

There's another call. This time, it's a man telling Wallerstein that there's a sea mammal that looks hurt.

More Pups On Shores

Since the beginning of the year, Wallerstein has picked up more than 300 sick and dying California sea lion pups. In 27 years of doing this work, he says, he's never seen anything like it.

"We wonder why there's no fish in the water, why the pups were born at such a low body weight. So they started out weak and cold and hungry, and it hasn't got any better when they're already weaned by mom and trying to find food, and they're not finding it," Wallerstein explains.

For two days, a baby sea lion has been stranded on a nearby dock. The people who made the call are relieved to see Wallerstein.

He gently places a large fishing net over the pup. Normally, there would be some resistance, but this baby sea lion hardly moves. Wallerstein is asked the same question he hears more than a dozen times a day: "Will it be OK?"

"I'm going to do the best I can for her," he says.

His next stop is a crowded pier. After navigating a rock wall, Wallerstein carries another weak pup back to his truck and gently transfers it to a dog crate.

'Broader Concerns'

"To date [since Jan. 1], we're at 1,100 California sea lion admits to rehabilitation, and the historical average for the same time period is about 130," says Sarah Wilkin, a marine biologist with the National Marine Fisheries Service.

She says the main theory scientists are investigating is that the prey ? the smaller fish these animals feed on ? are just not available. The mystery is why.

? It breaks my heart to see these little skinny pups being left here. And you could see they don't want to go into the water, they want to come back to the beach. I don't think they're going to make it on their own.

"These sea lions might be our sentinel that tells us something else is going on that's going to be affecting other fish, that's going to be affecting sharks, that could have much broader concerns throughout the ocean," Wilkins says.

Sick Pups' Fate

It's late afternoon. There are six baby sea lions in the back of Wallerstein's truck. In recent weeks, marine mammal centers that have been rehabilitating the pups have reached maximum capacity.

He takes a deep breath and makes the call.

The center can only take the two most critical baby sea lions. So Wallerstein drives the others to a more secluded beach where he hopes they won't be bothered by people.

"It breaks my heart to see these little skinny pups being left here. And you could see they don't want to go into the water, they want to come back to the beach," Wallerstein says. "I don't think they're going to make it on their own."

From the shore, people cheer when the young sea lions move toward the cold waves. But within minutes, the weakened pups come back, trying to find warmth on the sand.

Source: http://www.npr.org/2013/04/09/176586940/starving-baby-sea-lions-flood-southern-california-shores?ft=1&f=1007

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Sunday, April 7, 2013

How Sound Affects You: Making Binaural Beats - Music Education ...

There are many frequencies that are important to Sound Healers and Neurological Researchers. Some are found in nature like the ?Schumann Resonance? which is the vibrating frequency of our Earth or specific frequencies that have been found to heal certain ailments in our bodies. If you Google, ?Brainwave Entrainment?, you will come across a myriad of websites devoted to reprogramming the brain by listening to Binaural Beats. These audio tracks are designed to access our different brainwave patterns and mental states like Alpha, Beta, Theta and Delta. I was surprised to find so many online businesses cropping up offering Binaural Beats, some with new techniques and cutting edge science. Neuroscientists, psychologists, self-help gurus and healers are combining forces to change our perception of healing and to find balance in our lives through this cutting edge field of sound.?

Pic. 1 ? Brainwave Image.

The process of Brainwave Entrainment involves introducing different frequencies through the ears to change a person?s brainwaves, and therefore, their mental state. The result of introducing specific frequencies with the intent of changing a person?s brainwave pattern is increased intelligence, focused, reduced stress and increased creativity. Our brain?s neurons continuously fire electrical impulses to communicate with one another in pulses or wavelike patterns. Scientists have measured these impulses to come up with the following mental states while also linking them to our behaviors.

Brainwave States

There are four main brainwave frequency ranges who determine our mental state. They are all below 30 Hz and out of our normal range of hearing. We all need a balance of these brainwave states for optimal health.

  • Beta (14 ? 30 Hz) ? This is our awake and active state of awareness. In Beta state, we have lots of energy as we get things done and are in our peak concentration mode. If we stay in this mode too much, it can be very stressful to our minds and bodies.?
  • Alpha (8 ? 14 Hz) This is our awake but relaxed state of awareness. In this state we can figure out creative solutions to problems. Our mind is clear and able focus on a goal. When we watch top performing athletes, chess players or jazz musicians, they are drawing from their alpha state of awareness.
  • Theta (4 ? 8 Hz) This state is associated with imagining and dreaming during sleep as well as imagining and daydreaming during the day. Our memories and things we learn are stored and retrieved from our subconscious mind in this state.?
  • Delta (0.5 ? 4 Hz) This state is associated with deep sleep. Our minds and bodies are getting the rest and rejuvenation we require before the new day begins.

Making a Binaural Beat in Pro Tools Using the Signal Generator

Now, that you have a little background on the subject, let?s make a Binaural Beat in ProTools using the Signal Generator. Reference the screenshot below to make sure you are doing it right. In the example, I am making a Binaural Beat in the Theta range of 6 Hz. Since this frequency is out of our range of hearing, we have to choose two frequencies in our hearing range 6 Hz apart so when they are played together, the difference between them create the desired brainwave frequency. It?s best to use two frequencies below 1000 Hz because the oscillation is slower and it?s easier to hear since the pulse is lower in pitch.?

Pic. 2 ? Setting Up Binaural Beat in Pro Tools.

Here?s what you do:

  1. Create two Mono Audio Tracks.
  2. Pan them hard left and hard right.
  3. Make a selection on the first track on the timeline before launching Signal Generator. You can choose how long you want the Signal to be.
  4. Go to AudioSuite > Other > Signal Generator
  5. In the Signal Generator, choose the Frequency, which in this example is 150 Hz. Then set the desired level and the type of signal or waveform. Sine waves work best because they are very smooth and easy to listen to. Feel free to experiment with the others as well but keep in mind that if you are listening to a continuous tone for several minutes, it should not be irritating in the slightest way. Then hit ?Process? and the waveform will appear within the timeline selection.

Repeat Step 5 again on the second audio track. This time, I set the Frequency to 156 Hz, so that the difference between the two signals is 6 Hz, our desired Theta frequency. Keep the level and waveform the same.

Listen to the example I?ve provided with headphones on to hear the result.?

Pic. 3 ? Final Binaural Beat in ProTools.

When I zoom in the waveform, pictured below, you can see that the sine waves are slightly offset from each other, creating the continuous pulsating sound that you are hearing. Your brain is processing this information and entraining to the 6 Hz frequency, signaling your brain to drop into the Theta state.?

Pic 4. ? Close-up Of Waveforms in ProTools.

Listening to a Binaural beat is an excellent way to help ease into a meditation session or calm down after a long stressful day. If you are interested in making meditative music for yourself or others, try layering in nature sounds or drones. The Binaural Beat will still be effective, even if you layer music or nature ambience in with it. You can hear what other composers are doing by listening to examples of other meditative music releases that incorporate Binaural Beats. Sounds True is great resource for this new sonic medicine.

References and links for further investigation:

Source: http://www.macprovideo.com/hub/music-education/how-sound-affects-you-making-binaural-beats?utm_source=hubrss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-sound-affects-you-making-binaural-beats

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California prisons still too crowded, judge rules

By Sharon Bernstein

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - A federal judge has rebuffed California Governor Jerry Brown's effort to undo a court order requiring the state to reduce its prison population, saying he did not trust officials to improve conditions for inmates.

Brown, a Democrat, is under political pressure to scale back a program under which state prisoners are sent to local jurisdictions to ease crowding. That move has led to the early release of thousands of non-violent offenders from lower-level county jails as municipalities struggle to make room for them.

California has been under court orders to reduce population in the 33-prison system since 2009, when a panel of federal judges ordered it to relieve the overcrowding that has caused inadequate medical and mental health care.

California must reduce its prison population to 137.5 percent of capacity by June 27. The Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation reported 119,213 inmates on January 2, just under 150 percent of capacity.

In January, Brown asked U.S. District Court Judge Lawrence Karlton to vacate its order to further lower its prison population, saying that California had fixed its overcrowding problem and further releases of prisoners would harm public safety.

"In the years since the court issued the current population cap order, the state has dramatically reduced the prison population, significantly increased capacity through construction, and implemented a myriad of improvements that transformed the medical and mental health care systems," the Brown administration said in court filings.

On Friday, Karlton, whose court is in Sacramento, wrote in a 68-page opinion that the state had not met the goals set by the court order. He expressed skepticism that California, if released from the oversight of the court, would follow through on promises to improve conditions.

"Based on defendants' conduct to date, the court cannot rely on their averments of good faith," Karlton wrote.

He also criticized the administration for failing to provide adequate mental health supports for inmates, citing "systemic failures" in suicide prevention and other care for mentally ill inmates.

(Editing by Cynthia Johnston and Lisa Shumaker)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/california-prisons-still-too-crowded-judge-rules-012006198.html

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98% 56 Up

All Critics (55) | Top Critics (22) | Fresh (54) | Rotten (1)

Yes, on some level it's just a seven-year check-in with people maybe half-remembered, if that. Yet the films also serve as a kind of check-in with us, too.

What ultimately is so compelling about 56 Up is the universality of the experiences. We were all once children. And we all will die. And in between, there is everything else.

We feel good, refreshed and depressed in watching these people get older, also embarrassed in moments and cautioned about the passage of time.

Apted, himself now in his early 70s, says he hopes to continue the series further. Long may it live.

Watching "56 Up" gives you the wonderful feeling of seeing a sociological experiment blossom into something novelistically rich and humane.

Time has been neither kind nor cruel to the 13 men and women profiled in "56 UP." It has just been time, which is what this groundbreaking series is about.

Chances are that you'll come away from this long film feeling a sense of knowing its characters.

We might say that '56 Up' serves much the same function as 'Amour,' but it responds to the inevitability of decline with compassion, not dread.

What started as a crafty way of looking at the U.K.'s rigid class structure has grown into a portrait of melancholy middle age, with its heartbreaks and minor-key triumphs.

Those British kids are now 56

Watching the eighth film is intriguing but, in a way, disappointing. At this point in the game, it feels as if all the characters have determined their lots in life and are simply plodding through their interviews.

Quite simply one of the great documentary projects in the history of cinema, an engrossing sociological experiment on film; and though this mostly mellow installment isn't as revelatory as some earlier ones, it's still a remarkable document.

... feels like a retrospective and summation of the whole series, with ample quotation from the previous films, an approach that makes it interesting even for viewers who haven't seen the previous installments.

A completely unique and remarkable documentary project.

Apted skillfully weaves old footage with the new, and we become poignantly aware of another factor shaping their lives (and our own): biology, as the we watch the once-cute kids grow gray and heavy.

Perhaps the boldest and probably longest running sociological experiment on film.

I think the best thing about this movie (and the entire series) is that it forces the viewer to think about their own lives. It's kind of an awakening experience.

Once again, Apted assembles a captivating documentary that's profoundly educational, essential viewing to aid the understanding of the human experience.

"56 Up" is well worth seeing.

56 Up is still moving and philosophic, though not as exciting as earlier episodes, which had more drama.

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Source: http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/56_up/

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